Co-existing difficulties in children with special educational needs are more common than you might think. Learn about identifying and supporting these complex needs, with insights, strategies and tips for parents navigating this challenging journey.
Highlights

When it comes to special educational needs (SEND), it is rare to have a primary need that doesn’t come along with a little brother or sister (secondary need).
Co-existing difficulties are often overlooked or poorly explained, yet many parents are navigating this reality daily. Think of an autistic child who struggles with mental health or a child with ADHD who also faces significant literacy challenges, such as dyslexia.
Whatever the additional need, it’s crucial to understand what co-existing difficulties mean, how common they are, and how to support your child on their journey. Let’s dive in and explore.
Unpacking the Term: What are Co-Existing Difficulties?
"Co-existing difficulties" might sound complex but it simply refers to when a child has more than one special educational need (SEN). These needs can vary greatly, encompassing a range of conditions such as learning disabilities, attention difficulties, emotional challenges and behavioural struggles.
While each child's combination of needs is unique, there are some common patterns seen across many children with co-existing difficulties. For instance, research has shown that a large percentage of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also experience co-occurring mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression. Similarly, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often face difficulties with literacy, such as dyslexia, further complicating their educational experience.
In fact, studies indicate that about 40-60% of children with one special educational need will have at least one other co-existing difficulty. These complexities can often lead to a “layered” or “interwoven” set of needs, making each child’s profile different from another. This means that addressing only the primary need without considering the secondary or co-occurring issues can result in missed opportunities for support.
How Common are Co-Existing Difficulties?
Co-existing difficulties are more common than you might realise and the reality is that they can often mask a child’s primary need. For example, a child with ADHD may be misdiagnosed as merely inattentive or disruptive, without recognising that underlying learning difficulties like dyslexia are contributing to their struggles.
Similarly, a child with autism may be misdiagnosed with behavioural issues or anxiety, without considering how sensory processing challenges or communication difficulties are playing a role. The challenge is that co-existing difficulties often interact in such a way that the signs of one may hide or exacerbate the symptoms of another.
This can delay or even prevent the correct diagnosis, leaving the child without the tailored support they need. As parents, it can be incredibly frustrating to feel like your child’s needs are misunderstood or overlooked, especially when it seems like there are multiple factors at play.
Identifying a Child’s Primary Need: The Detective Work
Identifying a child’s primary need amidst co-existing difficulties is much like being a detective... it requires careful observation, collaboration and analysis. Because these needs are often interwoven, pinpointing the most pressing issue can feel overwhelming. But with the right approach, you can gain clarity and advocate effectively for your child’s support.
Here are some steps to help you navigate this process:
Observation:
Pay close attention to your child’s behaviours, strengths and struggles. Documenting patterns can help identify recurring themes and provide clues about underlying needs. For instance, does your child show signs of stress or anxiety in specific situations or is their behaviour influenced by sensory overload? Understanding these patterns is the first step in decoding what’s happening.
Collaboration:
Your insights as a parent are invaluable but professionals can offer expertise and guidance. Work closely with teachers, therapists and healthcare professionals to gather different perspectives. A multi-disciplinary approach is key to understanding the full spectrum of your child’s needs.
Assessment:
Professional evaluations, including psychological assessments and educational testing, can provide crucial information about your child’s primary needs. These assessments often look at multiple areas, such as cognition, communication, social-emotional well-being, and sensory processing. By examining these aspects, professionals can help identify which need is most prominent and how it impacts your child’s development.
Communication:
Open and honest communication with your child, where possible, will help. Even young children can offer valuable insights into their experiences. Ask them about how they feel in certain situations, what they find challenging and where they need support. This gives you an opportunity to understand their world better and advocate for their needs.
Tips and Strategies for Parents: Nurturing Growth in Complexity
Navigating the complexities of co-existing difficulties requires patience, understanding and a toolbox of strategies. Here are some approaches that can help you and your child thrive in this intricate journey:
Holistic Support Plans:
Work with educators and specialists to develop a holistic support plan that addresses your child’s unique needs. This plan should consider academic, social, emotional and behavioural aspects, ensuring that no area of need is overlooked.
Consistency and Routine:
Establishing a consistent daily routine can provide your child with a sense of security and predictability. This is particularly beneficial for children with autism or ADHD, who may find unexpected changes or disruptions to be distressing. Visual schedules, timers and reminders can also help them navigate transitions.
Encourage Strengths:
Focus on your child’s strengths and abilities. Whether it's their creativity, problem-solving skills or love of a particular subject, fostering these strengths can help boost their confidence and resilience. Recognising and celebrating small victories can make a big difference in how they see themselves.
Open Communication:
Foster open communication with your child. Create a safe space for them to express their feelings, frustrations and concerns. This can be especially helpful in identifying potential triggers or areas where they may need additional support. Your child’s voice is a powerful tool in understanding their needs.
Accessing Support Networks:
Join support groups and communities of other parents navigating similar challenges. Sharing experiences, resources and coping strategies can provide emotional relief and practical advice. You don’t have to go through this journey alone.
Advocacy:
Advocate for your child’s needs at school, in medical settings and within your community. Be vocal about what your child needs to succeed, whether that’s additional support in the classroom, mental health services or tailored therapy. Collaborate with professionals and stay informed about your child’s rights. Check out our free download SENCo Questions to help you feel confident asking the right questions, when advocating for your child, in school meetings.
Self-Care:
Don’t forget to take care of yourself. Parenting a child with co-existing difficulties can be draining and it’s essential to recharge. Find time for self-care, whether that’s through relaxation, hobbies or seeking emotional support. You are the cornerstone of your child’s support system and caring for your own well-being ensures that you can continue to be there for them.
In Conclusion: Embracing the Journey
As parents, you are your child’s strongest advocate. By embracing the complexities of co-existing difficulties, you can support your child in navigating their unique journey. Every child is different and there is no one-size-fits-all solution. By working closely with professionals, celebrating your child’s strengths and advocating for the right support, you create a foundation for your child to thrive in their own extraordinary way.
If you are concerned about your child's needs being met why not book a SEND Advice Call with us where we will help you to identify the right solutions for the next step on your child's special educational needs journey. Book here
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the term "co-existing difficulties" mean in the context of special educational needs?
Co-existing difficulties refer to the situation where a child experiences more than one special educational need simultaneously. These needs can encompass a range of challenges, including learning disabilities, attention difficulties, emotional issues or behavioural concerns.
How common are co-existing difficulties in children with special educational needs?
How can parents and professionals identify a child's primary need when there are co-existing difficulties?
What is the impact of a child or young person having co-existing difficulties?
Are there specific challenges that children with co-existing difficulties face in an academic setting?
How can parents support a child with co-existing special educational needs at home?
Are there support groups or communities for parents of children with co-existing difficulties?
What are some general strategies for parents who have children with co-existing special educational needs?
How can parents balance the needs of a child with co-existing difficulties while ensuring the well-being of the entire family?
Can children with co-existing difficulties thrive and lead fulfilling lives?
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